🦠 Biofilm Formation

Stage: 1 — Reversible Attachment

Flow rate / shear stress: 0.5 Nutrient concentration: 0.7 QS threshold: 0.5 Antibiotic conc.: 0.0

Biofilm biomass—

Autoinducer (A)—

EPS production—

QS active—

Resistance factor—

Planktonic cells—

Quorum sensing
dA/dt = production − dilution − degradation
When A > threshold → biofilm genes activate. Mature biofilm is 10–1000× more antibiotic-resistant than planktonic cells.

Surface view — biofilm development

Biomass & autoinducer time series

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