Gear Train

Readout

Overall ratio—
Output RPM—
Output torque—
Mechanical advantage—
Meshing gears trade speed for torque. The ratio is fixed by tooth counts: ωout/ωin = −Nin/Nout, and torque rises by the same factor it slows (Tout/Tin = Nout/Nin). An idler gear flips direction but leaves the overall ratio unchanged.