〜 Flow Transition

Reynolds number Re 1500

Laminar

Stream count 10 Flow speed 1.0×

Re1500

RegimeLaminar

Turbulent intensity0%

Velocity profileParabolic

Reynolds number: Re = ρUL/μ = UL/ν
Re < 2300: laminar — smooth parallel streams.
Re > 4000: turbulent — chaotic mixing.
Parabolic profile: u = u_max(1−r²/R²)
Turbulent mean: u ≈ u_max(1−|r/R|)^1/7