Hundreds of prey and predator particles interact through spatial rules, producing the classic Lotka-Volterra population oscillations. Watch predator booms follow prey booms in a never-ending cycle.
Prey reproduce when well-fed, predators hunt nearby prey. When prey is scarce, predators starve. This creates the characteristic phase-shifted oscillation seen in real ecosystems.
Adjust reproduction and hunting rates. Watch the population chart oscillate. Classic Lotka-Volterra dynamics emerge from individual particle interactions.
The Lotka-Volterra equations were independently derived by Alfred Lotka (1910, for chemical reactions) and Vito Volterra (1926, to explain fish populations in the Adriatic Sea).