Material preset Solid surface energy γ_sv = 20 mN/m Solid–liquid tension γ_sl = 35 mN/m Liquid surface tension γ_lv = 72 mN/m

Smooth (Young) Wenzel (rough, wetted) Cassie–Baxter (air trapped)

Roughness ratio r = 1.6 Solid fraction f = 0.25 Droplet volume = 1.0 ×

Young angle θ–

Apparent angle θ*–

cos θ–

Wetting state–

Example–