← Physics

⚗️ Particle Diffusion

Particles: Speed: Membrane:
Left: 0
Right: 0
Balance: 0%
Entropy:
Time: 0s

💨 Particle Diffusion — Fick's Laws & Entropy

Release a concentrated cluster of particles and watch them spread. Diffusion is the spontaneous tendency of matter to move from high to low concentration, driven not by force but by probability — the second law of thermodynamics in action.

🔬 What It Demonstrates

Particles follow 2D Brownian motion. The concentration field C(x,t) obeys Fick's second law (∂C/∂t = D·∇²C), whose solution is a Gaussian that broadens as σ = √(2Dt). The simulation shows two species diffusing toward equilibrium — no net force is needed.

🎮 How to Use

Use Temperature to speed diffusion (higher T → larger step size). Place a membrane with a small pore to see flux-driven flow. Toggle Concentration map to overlay the smoothed density, evolving toward uniform grey.

💡 Did You Know?

The scent of a single perfume molecule can trigger a human nose. Olfactory signals travel by diffusion across the ≈40 nm synapse cleft in under a millisecond. Fick's laws, derived in 1855, are now the foundation of drug delivery, semiconductor doping and food science.